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Perception: Difference between revisions
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===Limitation of the human perception=== | ===Limitation of the human perception=== | ||
Human perception is limited by the limited capacity of human receptors. For example, the eyes can only absorb a very limited frequency range of light. In contrast to some animals, hearing is also limited (e.g.: bats, ultrasonic range). This limitation affects not only the perception but also the ability to react in various external situations. In addition to the limitations of hearing and seeing, the limitation of human perception has further limitations. For example the perception of the skin in this area is also very limited. A shark can perceive the minimalist movement of a fish via its lateral sensory organs, which are transmitted through water. The sense of smell animals such as sharks regarding blood or of some insects in the area of the perception of pheromones already shows a perception in the molecular area. The sense of smell is tightly networked with the sense of smell. In this category of perception, too, humans are inferior to many animals. These examples show the limitations of the human perception. The limitation of man culminates in the limitation of his ability to think. This can be seen for example, in the limited ability to think, since when looking for solutions to problems one usually turns in a circle that is difficult to get out of. It is assumed that computers will reach performance of our brains by 2030 (the performance of a computer will double every 1-2 years)<sup>4</sup>. Through all these limitations, the human being is determined within its „self“ and „being“. | Human perception is limited by the limited capacity of human receptors. For example, the eyes can only absorb a very limited frequency range of light. In contrast to some animals, hearing is also limited (e.g.: bats, ultrasonic range). This limitation affects not only the perception but also the ability to react in various external situations. In addition to the limitations of hearing and seeing, the limitation of human perception has further limitations. For example the perception of the skin in this area is also very limited. A shark can perceive the minimalist movement of a fish via its lateral sensory organs, which are transmitted through water. The sense of smell animals such as sharks regarding blood or of some insects in the area of the perception of pheromones already shows a perception in the molecular area. The sense of smell is tightly networked with the sense of smell. In this category of perception, too, humans are inferior to many animals. In comparison to some animal species, humans cannot perceive electromagnetic fields. These examples show the limitations of the human perception. The limitation of man culminates in the limitation of his ability to think. This can be seen for example, in the limited ability to think, since when looking for solutions to problems one usually turns in a circle that is difficult to get out of. It is assumed that computers will reach performance of our brains by 2030 (the performance of a computer will double every 1-2 years)<sup>4</sup>. Through all these limitations, the human being is determined within its „self“ and „being“. | ||
===Feelings and emotions=== | ===Feelings and emotions=== | ||
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# (Memory) | # (Memory) | ||
# (Recall) | # (Recall) | ||
===Social perception=== | ===Social perception=== | ||
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====Beholders share==== | ====Beholders share==== | ||
The Beholders share regards the perception of a piece of art. | The Beholders share regards the perception of a piece of art. Sensory input such as the colours, visual patterns, shapes or scenery of the art has a considerable impact on its perception. Prior expectations can change the conscious seeing of the artpiece and therefore edit the perception. The importance of context is in this scope is worth the mention. As information about the life of the artist and knowing the artists other work can heavily change the interpretation of the artwork . The artists anticipated context and interpretation of his work is often different to the observers. A lack of context can therefore completely change the effect and perception of art. | ||
===Perceptions=== | ===Perceptions=== | ||
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In | In | ||
#REDIRECT [[Plato's Allegory of the cave]] | #REDIRECT [[Plato's Allegory of the cave]] | ||
Plato concerns himself with the perception and perspective of the individuals in the cave and the actual reality outside the cave. The allegory | Plato concerns himself with the perception and perspective of the individuals in the cave and the actual reality outside the cave. The allegory deals with the alienated perception of mankind. It also shows the subjectivity of human perception. The people in the cave don't see directly, but only an image of reality. The same goes for different people in our daily life, everyone takes the environment around them differently and interpretations vary, according to their own experience. A modern example of this is when interviewing whitnesses. The implicity statements in accidents for example can be widely different, every witness perceives the truth differently. Here, different descriptions of the course of the accident are often described. | ||
The humans in the cave not wanting to leave it upon hearing about the real world also displays humans being afraid of what they don't know. | |||
The question therefore arises whether there is a real correct perception of truth, or as Paul Watzlawick's ook title is also called, "How real is reality?". | |||
===Epistemological Dualism=== | |||
====Direct Realism==== | |||
Direct realism is a theory of perception and the counter to indirect realism. Stating that immediate objects exist mind-independently. These objects have specific properties (e.g. colour, size) which are perceived. Therefore physical ojects exist and their properties are perceived directly. | |||
====Indirect Realism==== | |||
Indirect realism states, that though physical objects are mind-indipendent and perceived, it is being perceived . Therefore physical objects exist and the objects physical properties generate perceptions in the mind. | |||
As a representative of indirect realism, John Locke, in his essay 'An essay Concerning Human understanding'(1690), draws a distinction between ideas and qualities. He claims, that one does not perceive an object but rather an idea of said object. According to Locke and indirect realism what one perceives is sn intermediary between object and perceiver. | |||
===The Causal Theory of perception=== | |||
The Casual Theory of Perception [18] | |||
===Dretskes Approach=== | ===Dretskes Approach=== | ||
Dretske distances himself from the 'Causal Theory of Perception', introducing "a fundamental difference between causal and informational relationship". | |||
===Descartes Method of doubt - Cartesian Sceptism=== | ===Descartes Method of doubt - Cartesian Sceptism=== | ||
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===Intentionalism=== | ===Intentionalism=== | ||
===The Importance of Context=== | ===The Importance of Context=== | ||
===Perceived reality - Can perception be considered reality?=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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# <sub>13</sub>https://www.kindersache.de/bereiche/wissen/natur-und-mensch/wie-funktioniert-der-geschmackssinn | # <sub>13</sub>https://www.kindersache.de/bereiche/wissen/natur-und-mensch/wie-funktioniert-der-geschmackssinn | ||
# <sub>16</sub> | # <sub>16</sub> | ||
# [18] Kant's Refutation of Idealism, the Analogies of Experience, and Transcendental Idealist Constraints on the Causal Theory of Perception |