Perception: Difference between revisions
The Causal Theory edited
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=== Philosophical Dimensions of Perception === | === Philosophical Dimensions of Perception === | ||
==== The Causal Theory of Perception ==== | ==== The Causal Theory of Perception ==== | ||
Perception requires a casual link between an external object and perceiver's sensory experience following the causal theory. We see, hear or smell an object, if that object itself brings the relevant sensory experiences. This principle can be illustrated by the thought experiment, were a blocked pathway (e.g., a mirror) exits in front of the person and the pillar behind the person, no direct causal relationship exists and therefore the pillar cannot be truly perceived. In this scenario, the mirror redirects the light from the actual pillar to the eyes, and therefore can the individual not perceive the intended object. This applies across modalities of vision, auditory, and olfaction for intuitive judgement in "Blocker cases" (e.g., a mirror redirecting) and "Non-Blocker cases" (e.g., brain stimulation producing similar experience). However, some individuals diverge form those intuitive philosophical standpoints, where participants believe that genuinely perception can occur even in Non-Blocker scenarios, as shown by studies.<ref>Roberts, P., Allen, K. & Schmidtke, K. Reflective Intuitions about the Causal Theory of Perception across Sensory Modalities. ''Rev.Phil.Psych.'' '''12''', 257–277 (2021). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00478-6</nowiki></ref> This diescrepancy raises questions about whether causal condition is truly a conceptial truth for perception. Thereupon, this mismatch illustrates that individuals assume perception might be conceivable only on brain stimulation, implying an exposure without physical obstruction. In contrast, due to the causal condition embedded in our very own concept of perception, deeper reflection or strict philosophical training is needed to align our intuitions with the standards of the causal theory. | |||
==== Philosophy of Perception and the Beholder's Share ==== | ==== Philosophy of Perception and the Beholder's Share ==== | ||
Work-in-Progress+ | Work-in-Progress+ | ||
The Beholders share regards the perception of a piece of art. Sensory input such as the colours, visual patterns, shapes or scenery of the art has a considerable impact on its perception. Prior expectations can change the conscious seeing of the art piece and therefore edit the perception. The importance of context is in this scope is worth the mention. As information about the life of the artist and knowing the artists other work can heavily change the interpretation of the artwork . The artists anticipated context and interpretation of his work is often different to the observers. A lack of context can therefore completely change the effect and perception of art. | The Beholders share regards the perception of a piece of art. Sensory input such as the colours, visual patterns, shapes or scenery of the art has a considerable impact on its perception. Prior expectations can change the conscious seeing of the art piece and therefore edit the perception. The importance of context is in this scope is worth the mention. As information about the life of the artist and knowing the artists other work can heavily change the interpretation of the artwork . The artists anticipated context and interpretation of his work is often different to the observers. A lack of context can therefore completely change the effect and perception of art. | ||
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====External Perception==== | ====External Perception==== | ||
External Perception describes the world outside of the body. Therefore we use our senses such as hearing, smelling and touching to perceive the external world. | External Perception describes the world outside of the body. Therefore we use our senses such as hearing, smelling and touching to perceive the external world. | ||
==== Feelings and Emotions ==== | ==== Feelings and Emotions ==== | ||
Work-in-Progress+ | Work-in-Progress+ | ||
Ones current emotional state often has a strong impact on their perception. Feelings and emotions may arise for multiple reasons. Be it an interaction, reaction, an experience or a hormonal setting. | Ones current emotional state often has a strong impact on their perception. Feelings and emotions may arise for multiple reasons. Be it an interaction, reaction, an experience or a hormonal setting. | ||
The endocrine system regulates everything exerting its influence over the cells. It relies on interactions between glands, hormones and cell receptors. In order to manage balance within the body. | The endocrine system regulates everything exerting its influence over the cells. It relies on interactions between glands, hormones and cell receptors. In order to manage balance within the body. | ||
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The human being has the ability to focus his perception. If one is in danger, for example, and a lot of adrenaline is released, his perception of external influences is documented. Therefore his perception focuses on hearing, seeing and smelling. Other perceptions, especially in the area of the emotional level, are largely faded out with the exception of the fearful feeling in a panic situation. Through the adrenaline rush, even the sense of pain may be temporarily eliminated. This is a result of the humans survival instincts. | The human being has the ability to focus his perception. If one is in danger, for example, and a lot of adrenaline is released, his perception of external influences is documented. Therefore his perception focuses on hearing, seeing and smelling. Other perceptions, especially in the area of the emotional level, are largely faded out with the exception of the fearful feeling in a panic situation. Through the adrenaline rush, even the sense of pain may be temporarily eliminated. This is a result of the humans survival instincts. | ||
The same goes for other focus situations. When focused while working on a piece of work, external perceptions, such as hearing and smelling are faded out. And when asleep, emotional impressions and experiences in particular are processed, possibly resulting in certain events in ones dreams. | The same goes for other focus situations. When focused while working on a piece of work, external perceptions, such as hearing and smelling are faded out. And when asleep, emotional impressions and experiences in particular are processed, possibly resulting in certain events in ones dreams. | ||
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The process of making judgments about other people is called social perception. During the first impression this process happen already, the so-called primacy effect. Later, this judgment can harden further through so-called summation and implicit personality theories. | The process of making judgments about other people is called social perception. During the first impression this process happen already, the so-called primacy effect. Later, this judgment can harden further through so-called summation and implicit personality theories. | ||
This subfield has a special place in scientific psychology and social research, because social perception or judgment determines how one views, turns toward, or rejects other people.<ref name="ref12" /> | This subfield has a special place in scientific psychology and social research, because social perception or judgment determines how one views, turns toward, or rejects other people.<ref name="ref12" /> | ||
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# Stimulation | # Stimulation | ||
# Organization | # Organization | ||
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According to Saks and Johns, perception is categorized into three components of perception, The Perceiver, The Target and The Situation. | According to Saks and Johns, perception is categorized into three components of perception, The Perceiver, The Target and The Situation. | ||
The Perceiver is influenced by external and internal factors, which affect the perceivers perception of the target. | The Perceiver is influenced by external and internal factors, which affect the perceivers perception of the target. | ||
The target is being interpreted. It is possible, that prior expectations impact this interpretation as well as „ambiguous targets [being] especially susceptible to interpretation and addition“. <ref name="ref16"/> | The target is being interpreted. It is possible, that prior expectations impact this interpretation as well as „ambiguous targets [being] especially susceptible to interpretation and addition“. <ref name="ref16" /> | ||
The Situation and it's context can heavily impact the perception. "The most important effect that the situation can have is to add information about the target"<ref name="ref16"/><ref name="ref17"/>. | The Situation and it's context can heavily impact the perception. "The most important effect that the situation can have is to add information about the target"<ref name="ref16" /><ref name="ref17" />. | ||
=== A Philosophical-Neuroscientific Synthesis === | |||