Perception: Difference between revisions
Beholder's Share refined and expanded
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Perception requires a casual link between an external object and perceiver's sensory experience following the causal theory. We see, hear or smell an object, if that object itself brings the relevant sensory experiences. This principle can be illustrated by the thought experiment, were a blocked pathway (e.g., a mirror) exits in front of the person and the pillar behind the person, no direct causal relationship exists and therefore the pillar cannot be truly perceived. In this scenario, the mirror redirects the light from the actual pillar to the eyes, and therefore can the individual not perceive the intended object. This applies across modalities of vision, auditory, and olfaction for intuitive judgement in "Blocker cases" (e.g., a mirror redirecting) and "Non-Blocker cases" (e.g., brain stimulation producing similar experience). However, some individuals diverge form those intuitive philosophical standpoints, where participants believe that genuinely perception can occur even in Non-Blocker scenarios, as shown by studies.<ref>Roberts, P., Allen, K. & Schmidtke, K. Reflective Intuitions about the Causal Theory of Perception across Sensory Modalities. ''Rev.Phil.Psych.'' '''12''', 257–277 (2021). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00478-6</nowiki></ref> This diescrepancy raises questions about whether causal condition is truly a conceptial truth for perception. Thereupon, this mismatch illustrates that individuals assume perception might be conceivable only on brain stimulation, implying an exposure without physical obstruction. In contrast, due to the causal condition embedded in our very own concept of perception, deeper reflection or strict philosophical training is needed to align our intuitions with the standards of the causal theory. | Perception requires a casual link between an external object and perceiver's sensory experience following the causal theory. We see, hear or smell an object, if that object itself brings the relevant sensory experiences. This principle can be illustrated by the thought experiment, were a blocked pathway (e.g., a mirror) exits in front of the person and the pillar behind the person, no direct causal relationship exists and therefore the pillar cannot be truly perceived. In this scenario, the mirror redirects the light from the actual pillar to the eyes, and therefore can the individual not perceive the intended object. This applies across modalities of vision, auditory, and olfaction for intuitive judgement in "Blocker cases" (e.g., a mirror redirecting) and "Non-Blocker cases" (e.g., brain stimulation producing similar experience). However, some individuals diverge form those intuitive philosophical standpoints, where participants believe that genuinely perception can occur even in Non-Blocker scenarios, as shown by studies.<ref>Roberts, P., Allen, K. & Schmidtke, K. Reflective Intuitions about the Causal Theory of Perception across Sensory Modalities. ''Rev.Phil.Psych.'' '''12''', 257–277 (2021). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00478-6</nowiki></ref> This diescrepancy raises questions about whether causal condition is truly a conceptial truth for perception. Thereupon, this mismatch illustrates that individuals assume perception might be conceivable only on brain stimulation, implying an exposure without physical obstruction. In contrast, due to the causal condition embedded in our very own concept of perception, deeper reflection or strict philosophical training is needed to align our intuitions with the standards of the causal theory. | ||
==== | ==== The Beholder's Share on Perception ==== | ||
The Beholder's Share highlights how each viewer actively completes an artwork. Sensory elements such as colours, patterns, shapes or scenic details initially shape our perception of the piece. However, top down processes, like prior expectations or learned associations, further refine our conscious vision. Certainty, perception involves the interpretation and integration of sensory stimuli and expectations, unlike sensing relying only on raw detection of stimuli.<ref name=":3">Seth AK. From Unconscious Inference to the Beholder’s Share: Predictive Perception and Human Experience. ''European Review''. 2019;27(3):378-410. doi:10.1017/S1062798719000061</ref> For this reason, can perception be seen as an active construction of experience, while sensing as a passive reception of information. Due to the heavy influential nature of context, information about the artist's life or familiarity with their work of art can dramatically shift interpretation, illustrating that viewer's knowledge and beliefs co-create an artwork's effect. Moreover, the artist's intentions often differ from those of the observer. This lack or conflict of context can completely redirect the emotional or intellectual experience of an artwork. Following this interplay between stimulus input and the observer's framework undermines the deeper principle, that perception emphasises a projection of one's internal model onto the external features to construct meaning. <ref name=":3" /> As a result, the physical properties of the artwork itself emerge as much as from the viewer's interpretive engagement. | |||
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==== Epistemological Dualism ==== | ==== Epistemological Dualism ==== | ||
====Direct Realism==== | ====Direct Realism==== | ||
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Indirect realism states that though physical objects are mind-indipendent, it is being perceived. Therefore physical objects exist and the objects physical properties generate perceptions in the mind. | Indirect realism states that though physical objects are mind-indipendent, it is being perceived. Therefore physical objects exist and the objects physical properties generate perceptions in the mind. | ||
As a representative of indirect realism, John Locke, in his essay 'An essay Concerning Human understanding'(1690), draws a distinction between ideas and qualities. He claims, that one does not perceive an object but rather an idea of said object. According to Locke and indirect realism what one perceives is an intermediary between object and perceiver.<ref name="ref13" /><ref name="ref14" /> | As a representative of indirect realism, John Locke, in his essay 'An essay Concerning Human understanding'(1690), draws a distinction between ideas and qualities. He claims, that one does not perceive an object but rather an idea of said object. According to Locke and indirect realism what one perceives is an intermediary between object and perceiver.<ref name="ref13" /><ref name="ref14" /> | ||
==== Disjunctive Theory of Perception ==== | |||
=== Broader Influences of Perception === | === Broader Influences of Perception === | ||