Perception: Difference between revisions
Direct Realism expanded and enhanced
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====Direct Realism==== | ====Direct Realism==== | ||
Direct realism | Direct realism suggests that the perception of objects such as chairs, sun, or cups of coffee, arises from our engagement with them, rather than mere mental images. A sensible idea for this implies that objects exist independently of any perceiver's awareness. Hence, direct realism can be divided into naïve realism and scientific realism. According to naïve realism, objects retain all perceived properties, for example colour or surface texture regardless of the observation. In contrast, scientific realism argues that certain examined qualities (e.g., sweetness) depend on the examiner, while mass or shape persist irrespective of observation. Likewise, Locke's notion of primary (e.g, size, motion) versus secondary (e.g., colour, taste) qualities aligns partially, whereas primary exists objectively and secondary dispositional. However, both assert fundamentally that the senses must be in direct contact with the external reality. <ref>O’Brien, Daniel. “Perception, Objects of | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.” ''Objects of Perception'', iep.utm.edu/perc-obj/#H1.</ref> | ||
====Indirect Realism==== | ====Indirect Realism==== | ||
Indirect realism states that though physical objects are mind-indipendent, it is being perceived. Therefore physical objects exist and the objects physical properties generate perceptions in the mind. | Indirect realism states that though physical objects are mind-indipendent, it is being perceived. Therefore physical objects exist and the objects physical properties generate perceptions in the mind. | ||
As a representative of indirect realism, John Locke, in his essay 'An essay Concerning Human understanding'(1690), draws a distinction between ideas and qualities. He claims, that one does not perceive an object but rather an idea of said object. According to Locke and indirect realism what one perceives is an intermediary between object and perceiver.<ref name="ref13" /><ref name="ref14" /> | As a representative of indirect realism, John Locke, in his essay 'An essay Concerning Human understanding'(1690), draws a distinction between ideas and qualities. He claims, that one does not perceive an object but rather an idea of said object. According to Locke and indirect realism what one perceives is an intermediary between object and perceiver.<ref name="ref13" /><ref name="ref14" /> | ||
Phenomenalism | |||
The Intentional Theory of Perception | |||
==== Disjunctive Theory of Perception ==== | ==== Disjunctive Theory of Perception ==== | ||