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Dialectics: Difference between revisions
The following article summarizes the evolution of dialectics by explaining different aspects of methodological approaches of different thinkers (e.g Platon, Aristoteles, Hegel and Marx) throught the history and how this methodology can support the quest for truth. It was created without any claim to completeness in view of the fact that this topic contains a large amount of different views and opinions. Instead it should be considered as an practical overview of the topic “dialectics” and as an
imported>Konstantin Litera No edit summary |
imported>Konstantin Litera (The following article summarizes the evolution of dialectics by explaining different aspects of methodological approaches of different thinkers (e.g Platon, Aristoteles, Hegel and Marx) throught the history and how this methodology can support the quest for truth. It was created without any claim to completeness in view of the fact that this topic contains a large amount of different views and opinions. Instead it should be considered as an practical overview of the topic “dialectics” and as an) |
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== 1 Dialectics == | == 1 Dialectics == | ||
1.1 Definition == | === 1.1 Definition == === | ||
The term “dialectic” originates from the (ancient) Greek language. In its literal meaning, it | The term “dialectic” originates from the (ancient) Greek language. In its literal meaning, it | ||
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in their works. <ref>https:oxfordlearnersdictionarier (2022, 06 26) Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dialectic</ref> <ref>Duden (2022, 06 26) Retrieved from https://www.duden.de/suchen/dudenonline/dialektik </ref> | in their works. <ref>https:oxfordlearnersdictionarier (2022, 06 26) Retrieved from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dialectic</ref> <ref>Duden (2022, 06 26) Retrieved from https://www.duden.de/suchen/dudenonline/dialektik </ref> | ||
== | |||
1.1 Dialectic Methodology in ancient times === | |||
== 1.1 Dialectic Methodology in ancient times === == | |||
This section covers the dialectic in the ancient times. In ancient times, dialectic was mainly | This section covers the dialectic in the ancient times. In ancient times, dialectic was mainly | ||
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uncover truth completely. | uncover truth completely. | ||
=== 1.1.1 Plato/Socrate === | |||
Even though dialectic is considered more of a Platonic than a Socratic idea, Plato attributes | Even though dialectic is considered more of a Platonic than a Socratic idea, Plato attributes | ||
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(Statesman 285c–d) <ref>Gill, Mary-Louise, "Method and Metaphysics in Plato’s Sophist and Statesman", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/plato-sophstate/>.</ref> | (Statesman 285c–d) <ref>Gill, Mary-Louise, "Method and Metaphysics in Plato’s Sophist and Statesman", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/plato-sophstate/>.</ref> | ||
== 1.1.2 Aristotels == | === 1.1.2 Aristotels === | ||
Entirely in the dialectical idea, Aristoteles, who was the student of Plato, took the dialectical | Entirely in the dialectical idea, Aristoteles, who was the student of Plato, took the dialectical | ||
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Correspondence theory of truth.<ref>Author unknown (22, 06 26) Retrieved from https://www.philoclopedia.de/was-kann-ich-wissen/wahrheit/korrespondenztheorie-der-wahrheit/</ref> | Correspondence theory of truth.<ref>Author unknown (22, 06 26) Retrieved from https://www.philoclopedia.de/was-kann-ich-wissen/wahrheit/korrespondenztheorie-der-wahrheit/</ref> | ||
== 1.1.3 Dialectical School == | === 1.1.3 Dialectical School === | ||
The dialectical School or Megaric school is based around a group of philosophers Eubulides | The dialectical School or Megaric school is based around a group of philosophers Eubulides | ||
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were: Diodorus Cronus and Philo.<ref>Bobzien, Susanne, "Dialectical School", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/dialectical-school/>.</ref> | were: Diodorus Cronus and Philo.<ref>Bobzien, Susanne, "Dialectical School", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/dialectical-school/>.</ref> | ||
== | == | ||
2.1 Medieval Ages == | == 2.1 Medieval Ages == == | ||
In the medieval age, serval thinkers like Boethius, Berengar of Tours, Petrus Hispanus | In the medieval age, serval thinkers like Boethius, Berengar of Tours, Petrus Hispanus | ||
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objects, because of the loss of information of the real substance. <ref>Maybee, Julie E., "Hegel’s Dialectics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel-dialectics/#WhyDoesHegeUseDial>.</ref> | objects, because of the loss of information of the real substance. <ref>Maybee, Julie E., "Hegel’s Dialectics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel-dialectics/#WhyDoesHegeUseDial>.</ref> | ||
== 4.2 Preconditions == | === 4.2 Preconditions === | ||
>Monism, Dualism | >Monism, Dualism | ||
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unity of opposites defines Hegels dialectics. | unity of opposites defines Hegels dialectics. | ||
== 4.3 Conclusion == | === 4.3 Conclusion === | ||
Transferred to Kant’s opinion that it is impossible the make an objective judgment of objects | Transferred to Kant’s opinion that it is impossible the make an objective judgment of objects | ||
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development of mankind.16 | development of mankind.16 | ||
== 5.1.2 Dialectic Man <>Nature: == | == 5.1 Dialectics by Marx and Engels == | ||
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels tried to transform Hegel’s Dialectic based on Idealism into an | |||
historical materialism to generate an practical effort to the theory. They transferred the theory | |||
on certain aspects of human mankind and history to gain insight and deeper knowledge into | |||
development of mankind.16 | |||
=== 5.1.2 Dialectic Man <>Nature: === | |||
The proportion man <>nature builds the foundation of the Marx/Engel’s approach on dialectic. | The proportion man <>nature builds the foundation of the Marx/Engel’s approach on dialectic. | ||
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== 5.1.3 Dialectic to understand history: == | === 5.1.3 Dialectic to understand history: === | ||
By reducing the social reality into economical categories Marx and Engels tried to gain an | By reducing the social reality into economical categories Marx and Engels tried to gain an | ||
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to find the truth, it later became an method to describe systems and the world as a whole in | to find the truth, it later became an method to describe systems and the world as a whole in | ||
the times of Hegel and Marx. | the times of Hegel and Marx. | ||
== Bibliography == | |||