COMPETENCE (Communicative)
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(1) |
| ID | ◀ 530 ▶ |
| Object type | Human sciences |
In a heterarchical organization, the capacity of any element to share his/her (and its, if the concept can be somehow translated to natural or artificial non-human systems) knowledge, experience, information, etc… to any other element of the organization.
J.A. JOHANNESSEN describes the conditions for communicative competence, as resumed hereafter:
- Listeners must be attentive, without interrupting
- Knowledge is in the dialogue and not with the single individual
- Recognition must be reciprocal and the dialogue free of domain dominance
- Only the power of rationality is to be used
- Principles of complementarity and self-organization are the bases of dialogue
- Dialogue must be constantly validated
- Every explanation is personal and fragmentary
- Knowledge is obtained through a shared communication process
- The minimum unit in communication is the “triad”: action - reaction — resultant
- Pathology of communication should be clearly understood: self-contradiction, inconsistencies, shifting of types (categories), obscurities, etc…
- An explicit evaluation of the surrounding conditions of communication is needed
- Participants establish a metarule for their communication
- Dialogue is based on synthesis, with the problem definition phase emphasized
- Premises and suppositions must always be explicit
- It is not possible to impose linear thinking upon nonlinear reality (1991, p.49-50).
These guidelines have much in common with J. WARFIELD's Generic Design.