Determinism: Difference between revisions
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The idea opposite to [[compatibilism]], claiming that determinism is incompatible with [[free will]]. | The idea opposite to [[compatibilism]], claiming that determinism is incompatible with [[free will]]. | ||
== '''Philosophers on Determinism | == '''Philosophers and Scientists on Determinism''' == | ||
=== Isaac Newton === | === Isaac Newton === | ||
Newton's fundamental laws, formulated back in 1687<ref>Scheck, F. (2018). ''Mechanics: From Newton's laws to deterministic chaos''. Springer.</ref>, imply that the behaviour of all matter in the world is governed by universal patterns, making him a supporter of the idea of determinism:<blockquote>“I. Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform rectilinear motion, except if it is compelled by forces acting on it to change that state. | Newton's fundamental laws, formulated back in 1687<ref>Scheck, F. (2018). ''Mechanics: From Newton's laws to deterministic chaos''. Springer.</ref>, imply that the behaviour of all matter in the world is governed by universal patterns, making him a supporter of the idea of determinism:<blockquote>“I. Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform rectilinear motion, except if it is compelled by forces acting on it to change that state. | ||
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David Lewis rather supports [[compatibilism]], while also acknowledging the position of incompatibilism in the context of the problem of evil and [[free will]] ("David Lewis," n.d.).<ref>David Lewis. (n.d.). ''The Information Philosopher''. Retrieved from https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lewis/</ref> | David Lewis rather supports [[compatibilism]], while also acknowledging the position of incompatibilism in the context of the problem of evil and [[free will]] ("David Lewis," n.d.).<ref>David Lewis. (n.d.). ''The Information Philosopher''. Retrieved from https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lewis/</ref> | ||
== '''Arguments | == '''Arguments supporting Determinism''' == | ||
=== Neuroscience: Decisions as Biochemical Processes in the Brain === | === Neuroscience: Decisions as Biochemical Processes in the Brain === | ||
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//todo | //todo | ||
== '''Challenges | == '''Challenges of Determinism''' == | ||
=== The Liar Paradox and Logical Determinism === | === The Liar Paradox and Logical Determinism === | ||
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Richard P. Feynman describes this experiment as "a phenomenon which is impossible, ''absolutely'' impossible, to explain in any classical way" (Feynman, Leighton, & Sands, 1963, as cited in S. Goldstein, 2021, 14 June)<ref>Goldstein, S. (2021, 14 June). Bohmian Mechanics. ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from'' https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-bohm/#TwoSlitExpe</ref>, which emphasizes that the classical deterministic viewpoint cannot explain these results, suggesting indeterminism. | Richard P. Feynman describes this experiment as "a phenomenon which is impossible, ''absolutely'' impossible, to explain in any classical way" (Feynman, Leighton, & Sands, 1963, as cited in S. Goldstein, 2021, 14 June)<ref>Goldstein, S. (2021, 14 June). Bohmian Mechanics. ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from'' https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-bohm/#TwoSlitExpe</ref>, which emphasizes that the classical deterministic viewpoint cannot explain these results, suggesting indeterminism. | ||
== '''Determinism | == '''Information and Determinism''' == | ||
== '''Determinism | == '''Knowledge and Determinism''' == | ||
To examine the effects a causally deterministic world would have on our knowledge, we need to understand, that under causal determinism, every process in our brains, including the formation of beliefs and the pursuit of knowledge, would also be deterministic, merely caused by biochemical reactions in the brain. | To examine the effects a causally deterministic world would have on our knowledge, we need to understand, that under causal determinism, every process in our brains, including the formation of beliefs and the pursuit of knowledge, would also be deterministic, merely caused by biochemical reactions in the brain. | ||