ORGANIZATION (Holographic)
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(2) |
| ID | ◀ 2420 ▶ |
| Object type | General information, Human sciences |
Inspiring himself from several sources, J. JOHANNESSEN proposes the following requirements and criteria of a holographic or heterarchical organization:
- “1. The whole enclosed in its parts
2. Double-loop learning (deutero-learning), with communicative competence
3. Fewer levels of management
4. Liquidation of a centrally managed command and control model
5. The transition to a “flatter” organizational structure
6. Clearly defined goals leading to action, where the results, plans, and goals can be evaluated explicitly
7. More emphasis on individual responsability for contact and communication
8. More emphasis on the overall view
9. Organizational design favoring innovations and autonomy
10. The gathering of information a more distributed process
11. The transition from data processing to complete information systems.
12. Flexibility and freedom for the individual members of the organization
13. Involvement by all in the planning process
14. Creating the future, not predicting it
15. Cybernetic principles as the foundation for organizational design
16. Self-organizing, autonomous small groups
17. Global information can be taken out locally and local information can be taken out globally. In holographic terms: each part of the organization contains enough information to recreate the whole“ (1991, p.41-42).
Such a proposal seems viable only if the cultural conditions (i.e. the environmental meanings and values system) supports its subjacent postulates, which is surely not the case in several cultures, where personal responsability is not strongly recognized, or is recognized merely within an authoritarian frame.