TELEONOMY
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(2) |
| ID | ◀ 3513 ▶ |
| Object type | General information, Epistemology, ontology or semantics |
A system's behavior characterized by any non-purposeful end-directed process.
R. VALLÉE writes: “A dynamic system is teleonomic if it evolves as if it would aim at a goal. It is the case of cybernetic systems whose present state tends by way of a negative feedback to close in toward a state to be reached” (1995, p.17).
- “The word teleonomy was invented in the fifties by PITTENDRIGH to replace teleology in order to get rid of finalism in biology… the difference being that in one case (teleology) one deals with purposeful end-directed processes governed by an ”intelligent, designing mind“, while in teleonomy one is looking for non-purposeful end-directed processes” (H. ATLAN, 1989, p.240).
Still, one wonders about the real meaning of an “end-directed process” which is not “purposeful”, …or how do we define “purpose”, “goal”, “end” and the like in such a way as to avoid ambiguities.
Moreover, PITTENDRIGH's good intentions did finally not suppressed the confusion: in 1990 still, M. LIU can write: “The notion of program permits to escape from this difficulty (i.e.: anthropomorphism), and to conceive teleonomy as a property of life” (p.274), which is allright … if humans are not considered as living systems!
Fortunately, in his Systemic Glossary (in french) E. SCHWARZ gives the following explanations: Teleonomy is “the directional property of the logical organization of a system (=directionality) such as any change seems to aim at a future goal (rule in an homeostatic system , self-reproduction in an autopoietic system , existence of a tropism , a need, a desire, an intention, a goal, a purpose , etc…) The goal may even itself evolve in time. One could be tempted to oppose a causal system (whose present state is caused by its past) to a teleonomic system (whose present state seems to be conditioned by a goal). This would be erroneous, as the teleonomic property is itself causal, i.e. the result of the history of the teleonomic system”(1993, p. 13)
Another interesting view is J. MONOD's one, who considered the human central nervous system as the most teleonomic system that ever appeared. Its main characteristic is seemingly its predictive capacity which gives it the possibility to project in the present a more or less probable forecast of the future. This creates some possibility to control it. (J. MONOD, 1970)
It could be said finally that teleonomy as a concept mainly points to a peculiar link between past and future through a capacity of creating a directive correlation through a feedforward . This could be called “teleonomic coherence ”.
See also
Finality, Purpose, Purpose in social systems, Retro-propagation approach