LEARNING (Observational)
Charles François (2004). LEARNING (Observational), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics, 2(1): 1889.
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(1) |
| ID | ◀ 1889 ▶ |
| Object type | General information |
D.T. CAMPBELL describes observational learning “as characteristic of social animals, in which the observing animal learns from observing the outcomes to an exploring animal, and thus even profit from experience that may prove fatal to the exploring animal” (1961, p.18).
This type of behavior has been observed, for instance, in rats.
Social animals may also learn from the observation of the traces of activity left by other or former members of the group (stigmergy).