DESIGN: Its program
Charles François (2004). DESIGN: Its program, International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics, 2(1): 874.
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(1) |
| ID | ◀ 874 ▶ |
| Object type | General information, Methodology or model |
W. GASPARSKI et al. select the following aims and contents for design, as enunciated by a number of authors from 1936 to 1972 (for details see 1995, p.17-18):
- “Diagnosis of practical situations , investigation of principles and methods of design realization” (KRECZKOWSKI, 1936)
- “Knowledge concerning physical and economic interdependences and psychological conditioning of technical production (F. KESSELRING, 1954).
- “Normative knowledge of principles andprocedures of design and methods of evaluation of design solutions” (K.L. GREJNER, 1963).
- “Studies, research, and accumulation of knowledge on the design process and its component operations as well as social conditioning” (S.A. GREGORY, 1966).
- “Science related to the problems of ”artificiality“ of man-made products as opposed to natural products. It comprises: theory of the evaluation of the design results, logic of synthesis , theory of structure , formulation of design problems, and design organization ” (H. SIMON, 1969).
- “Theory based on mathematical methods , particularly on decision theory ” (M. TRIBUS, 1969)
- “General theory of design practice, aiming at development of ”design consciousness “ involved in the process of social changes ” (T. MALDONADO, 1972)
- “Philosophy and logic of design based on the adapted program of methodology of sciences by ADJUKIEWICZ. It differentiates between the theory of the object of design (apragmetic methodology) and the theory of the design process (pragmatic methodology). Object of design and design process are considered as ideal types. General and detailed methodology are differentiated” (W. GASPARSKI, 1972).
Bela H. BANATHY and J. WARFIELD - among others - have also signaled other important aims and methods (See other entries on “design”)