PLANNING (Anticipatory)
Charles François (2004). PLANNING (Anticipatory), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics, 2(2): 2564.
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(2) |
| ID | ◀ 2564 ▶ |
| Object type | General information |
- “A planning process which attemps to foresee potential problems and to develop solutions to them before they become real, current problems” (Template:Ency entity — Template:Ency entity, 1983, p.20).
Anticipation depends on predictability, which is always imperfect, and more so for complex situations and systems — whose complexity is frequently underestimated (see above and below).
W.D. GROSSMANN and K.E.F. WATT offer the following proposals for a “planning branch unit” in government:
- “A. … (Would) function as a continuous monitor of the institution (i.e. the Government), its activities and its environment, looking for… strategic errors… and determining (needed) corrections…
- “B. … foster, facilitate and expedite the free flow of information … (with the possibility that) anyone inside or outside the institution could seek an audience with this unit, to point out… a potential treat they have noticed…
- “C. … (manage) innovative structural changes in organization, or activity within the institution…
- “D. … act as a self-corrective unit which would be constantly asking and following questions… inviting people both inside and outside the institution to offer their views” (1992, p.12).