PARTICIPATION
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(2) |
| ID | ◀ 2479 ▶ |
| Object type | Human sciences |
The active involvement of — if possible — all the stakeholders in the design and management of the system they are parts of.
M.E. DODDS and G. JAROS write: “Specialized hierarchies with separation of authority and responsability have lost their effectiveness and efficiency”.
This is a result of the evermore intricated character of great modern organizations, in which no one can anymore know every important aspect, nor even clearly see why some aspects are relevant.
On the other hand, stakeholders are becoming, by need, evermore qualified, reflexive, and even sophisticated.
DODDS and JAROS conclude: “… over the past decades we have learned that one cannot develop others, although one can facilitate their self-development. Managers are beginning to learn, and politicians are hopefully soon to learn, that one also cannot control others anymore… Empowerment of people and empowerment of nature are both required” (1994).
These new features in sociosystems explain the emergence of new ways to manage problems and design systems.
See also
Design conversation, Generic Design, Heterarchy, Problem.