INSTRUMENT

Charles François (2004). INSTRUMENT, International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics, 2(1): 1722.

Collection	International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics
Year	2004
Vol. (num.)	2(1)
ID	◀ 1722 ▶
Object type	General information

“An object that co-produce the outcome of an individual's or system's action” (R.L. ACKOFF & F.E. EMERY, 1972, p.31).

ACKOFF and EMERY write: “The co-production is itself produced by the individual or system. Thus an instrument is a device used by a functional individual or system in its functional behavior… The instrument employed by an individual or system operating at any functional level is always at a lower level than the level of the individual or system that uses it” (Ibid).

See also