HOLISTIC APPROACH
Charles François (2004). HOLISTIC APPROACH, International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics, 2(1): 1562.
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(1) |
| ID | ◀ 1562 ▶ |
| Object type | General information, Epistemology, ontology or semantics |
- “The view that an integrated whole has reality independent of and greater than its parts” (Template:Ency entity, 1986, p.5).
- “Independent” should be replaced by “distinct” in order to take BUNGE's objection into account.
The Template:Ency entity — Template:Ency entity “Glossary of environmental education terms” comments that: “… the environment can only be understood by viewing it as a general complex of its parts” and that this can be done by way of a “thorough and comprehensive analysis of interrelations between the natural environment, social, cultural, technological and other factors” (p.5).
This applies obviously to any kind of environment, and must be extended to the system considered and its interactions with its specific environment. But it is in no way contradictory to more specific and precise research in some areas, provide both viewpoints become correlated.