HETERARCHICAL -- HOLOGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(1) |
| ID | ◀ 1517 ▶ |
| Object type | Human sciences |
J.A. JOHANNESSEN who developped this model states the following criteria as requirements for a heterarchical or holographic organization:
1. The whole enclosed in its parts
2. Double-loop learning (deutero learning), with communicative competence
3. Fewer levels of management
4. Liquidation of a centrally managed command and control model
5. Transition to a “flatter” organizational structure
6. Clearly defined goals leading to action, where the results, plans and goals can be >evaluated explicitely
7. More emphasis on individual responsability for contact and communication
8. More emphasis on the overall view
9. Organizational design favoring innovations and autonomy
10. The gathering of information a more distributed process
11. The transition from data processing to complete informative systems
12. Flexibility and freedom for the individual members of the organization
13. Involvement by all in the planning process
l4. Creating the future, not predicting it
15. Cybernetic principles as the foundation for organizational design
16. Self-organizing, autonomous small groups
17. Global information can be taken out locally and local information can be taken out globally.
In holographic terms: each part of the organization contains enough information to recreate the whole“ (1991, p.41-42).