CONSTRUCTIVIST CYBERNETICS (Epistemology of)

Charles François (2004). CONSTRUCTIVIST CYBERNETICS (Epistemology of), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics, 2(1): 653.

Collection	International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics
Year	2004
Vol. (num.)	2(1)
ID	◀ 653 ▶
Object type	Epistemology, ontology or semantics

Second order cybernetics generally implies a re-examination of scientific epistemology and methodology.

While such a revision should also include physical sciences, it is never more important and necessary than in human sciences, because these study situations wherein participants are thinking beings who study themselves.

Stuart UMPLEBY elaborated the following comparative table between three quite different contemporaneous approaches (1990, p.116):

See also