COMMUNICATION
| Collection | International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics |
|---|---|
| Year | 2004 |
| Vol. (num.) | 2(1) |
| ID | ◀ 504 ▶ |
| Object type | General information, Methodology or model |
The task of producing at one point of space , a message that was created at another point.
- “The interaction between systems or parts of a system using a pre-arranged code” (J.Z. YOUNG 1978, p.290).
This definition emphasizes the preliminary necessity of a shared code, which seems obvious.
Which is however not always so obvious is that this code is generally quite complex, offering physical, perceptive, semantic and cultural aspects, in accordance, moreover with the characteristics of the environment shared by the communicating systems.
J.van GIGCH makes the point: “When Communications Sciences were dominated by SHANNON's work in Communication Theory,… the human communication channel provided this scientific discipline with its metaphor: a system grounded in telephone and electronic technologies. However, this school of thought has been superseeded and displaced by a more comprehensive view which embraces not only the syntactic, but also the semantic and pragmatic views of communication. Therefore, this field can be associated with the metaphor of a relational exchange system designed to influence” (1993, p.50).
As observed by K. KRIPPENDORFF, the former view of communication as merely the transmission of information from a sender to a receiver (SHANNON) has now been extended to interactions within complex networks with numerous feedbacks among elements or participants.
Indeed, some kind of communication is the unavoidable condition for any interactions, starting at the very physical level, and for sociality in ecosystems and in living systems.
See also
SHANNON limit